When the heart can’t pump blood effectively, it leads to fluid buildup in the body — especially in the legs, ankles, and abdomen.
This increased pressure can cause veins in the neck (jugular veins) and limbs to become visibly distended.
Other symptoms:
- Shortness of breath (especially when lying down)
- Fatigue and weakness
- Swelling in the legs and feet
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat
Why it matters:
Visible neck veins (jugular venous distension) are a key clinical sign of CHF and require prompt evaluation.
5. Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
What it is:
PVD occurs when arteries and veins in the limbs become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup (atherosclerosis). While it primarily affects arteries, it can also disrupt venous circulation.
As the body tries to reroute blood, surface veins may become more visible — a compensatory response to poor circulation.
Symptoms:
- Cold or numb limbs
- Leg pain while walking (claudication)
- Weak or absent pulses in the feet
- Shiny, thin skin over the legs
- Slow-healing sores or ulcers
PVD increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, and limb amputation if untreated.
When to See a Doctor
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